Although the Little family was poor, they were self-sufficient until Reverend Little's death in 1931. Most of Malcolm's early life was spent in and about Lansing, Michigan, where the family lived on a farm. His father, Reverend Earl Little, was a Baptist minister and an organizer for Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association, a black separatist "back-to-Africa" group of the 1920s. Malcolm was the seventh of his father's nine children - three by a previous marriage - and his mother's fourth child. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska, on he dropped the "slave name" Little and adopted the initial X (representing an unknown) when he became a member of the Nation of Islam.
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